Molecularly Imprinted Polymers (MIPS) in Wearable and Flexible Sensors: Advancing Healthcare Monitoring

Abstract

Molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP)-based wearable and flexible sensors have emerged as a groundbreaking technology in biomedical applications, offering highly selective and sensitive detection of biomarkers for real-time health monitoring as well as continuous tracking of critical health parameters such as glucose, lactate, stress hormones, etc. However, several challenges remain, including ensuring biocompatibility, complex biological environments, sensitivity, reproducibility and complexity of design, cost of production, detection limits, and clinical translation studies. The integration of these sensors into existing healthcare systems poses logistical hurdles such as data management and user acceptance. The materials used in the electronic components must be biocompatible to prevent adverse reactions when in contact with biological tissues or fluids. The prospects for MIP-based sensors are promising, with potential applications expanding into remote patient monitoring, telemedicine, and early disease detection. Herein, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the current developments surrounding MIP-based wearable and flexible sensors and their biomedical applications. This review aims to highlight recent advancements in sensor technology, including innovations in material science, sensor design, and integration with smart technologies, which have enhanced the sensitivity and specificity of these devices for real-time health monitoring. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.