Analysis of Anchored Bored Pile Retaining Systems with Three-Dimensional Finite Element Method and Examination of Deformations with Inclinometer Measurements
Abstract
Günümüzde artan nüfus nedeniyle kentleşme hızlanmış ve yapılaşma yoğunlaşmıştır. Bu durum, çok katlı yapıların inşasına olan talebi artırmıştır. Çok katlı yüksek yapıların temel ve bodrum katlarının inşası için derin kazılar gerekmektedir. Ancak derin kazılar sırasında çevredeki zeminde şekil değişimleri meydana gelebilir. Bu nedenle, kazının güvenliği açısından derin kazı destekleme sistemleri kritik bir unsurdur. Zeminin stabilitesini sağlamak amacıyla bu kazılarda iksa sistemleri kullanılmaktadır. İksa sistemleri, zemin basınçlarına karşı koyabilmek için yatay ve düşey elemanlardan oluşmaktadır. Bu tez çalışmasında, iksa sistemlerinde yaygın olarak kullanılan yatay ve düşey destek elemanlarından ankrajlar ve fore kazıklar ele alınmış, bu elemanların kullanım amaçları ve tasarım esasları detaylı şekilde açıklanmıştır. Açıklamaların ardından, mevcut bir proje kapsamında uygulanan ankrajlı fore kazıklı iksa sisteminde meydana gelen deformasyonlar sonlu elemanlar yöntemi ile analiz edilmiştir. İksa sisteminin boyutlandırılması ve analizleri, PLAXIS 3D yazılımı kullanılarak üç boyutlu sonlu elemanlar yöntemi ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Tasarımda kullanılan zemin parametreleri, sondaj verileri, hesap raporları ve laboratuvar deney sonuçlarından elde edilmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında hesaplanan deformasyonlar ile sahada inklinometre ile ölçülen deformasyonlar karşılaştırılmış ve aralarındaki farklılıklar incelenmiştir. Ölçülen ve hesaplanan deformasyonların farklılık göstermesi durumunda, bu farklılıkların nedenleri araştırılmıştır. Bu doğrultuda geri analizler gerçekleştirilerek farklı zemin parametrelerinin, ankraj ve özelliklerinin ve drenaj koşullarının iksa sisteminde meydana gelen deformasyonlara olan etkileri değerlendirilmiş ve elde edilen bulgular özetlenmiştir.
Due to the increasing population, urbanization has accelerated, leading to a rise in construction activities. Consequently, the demand for high-rise buildings has increased. The construction of foundations and basements for these tall structures requires deep excavations. However, deep excavations can cause deformations in the surrounding soil. Therefore, deep excavation support systems are a critical component for ensuring excavation safety. To maintain soil stability, retaining systems are implemented in these excavations. Retaining systems consist of horizontal and vertical elements to resist soil pressures. In this thesis, anchor and bored pile elements, which are commonly used in retaining systems, are examined, and their design principles and applications are explained in detail. Following these explanations, deformations observed in an anchored bored pile retaining system within an actual project were analyzed using the finite element method. The design and analysis of the retaining system were conducted using the three-dimensional finite element method in PLAXIS 3D software. The soil parameters used in the design were obtained from borehole data, calculation reports, and laboratory test results. Within the scope of this study, the calculated deformations were compared with the deformations measured in the field using inclinometers, and the discrepancies between them were investigated. In cases where significant differences were observed, there a sons for these discrepancies were analyzed. To further investigate the causes of deformation, back-analyses were conducted. In these analyses, the effects of different soil parameters, anchor characteristics, and drained-undrained conditions on deformations were examined, and the findings were summarized.
Due to the increasing population, urbanization has accelerated, leading to a rise in construction activities. Consequently, the demand for high-rise buildings has increased. The construction of foundations and basements for these tall structures requires deep excavations. However, deep excavations can cause deformations in the surrounding soil. Therefore, deep excavation support systems are a critical component for ensuring excavation safety. To maintain soil stability, retaining systems are implemented in these excavations. Retaining systems consist of horizontal and vertical elements to resist soil pressures. In this thesis, anchor and bored pile elements, which are commonly used in retaining systems, are examined, and their design principles and applications are explained in detail. Following these explanations, deformations observed in an anchored bored pile retaining system within an actual project were analyzed using the finite element method. The design and analysis of the retaining system were conducted using the three-dimensional finite element method in PLAXIS 3D software. The soil parameters used in the design were obtained from borehole data, calculation reports, and laboratory test results. Within the scope of this study, the calculated deformations were compared with the deformations measured in the field using inclinometers, and the discrepancies between them were investigated. In cases where significant differences were observed, there a sons for these discrepancies were analyzed. To further investigate the causes of deformation, back-analyses were conducted. In these analyses, the effects of different soil parameters, anchor characteristics, and drained-undrained conditions on deformations were examined, and the findings were summarized.
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Keywords
İnşaat Mühendisliği, Civil Engineering
Turkish CoHE Thesis Center URL
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Scopus Q
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109