Osmaniye İlinde Devlet ve Kolej Anaokulunda Eğitim Gören Çocukların Okul Öğünlerinin, Besin Güvencelerinin ve Beslenme Süreci Anne Tutumlarının Karşılaştırılması
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2024
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Bu araştırma devlet ve kolej anaokulunda eğitim gören çocukların okullarda servis edilen öğünlerden aldıkları enerji, mikro ve makro besin öğesi farklılıklarının incelenmesi, hanehalkı besin güvence durumları ile beslenme süreci anne tutumları arasındaki farkların ortaya konulması, hanehalkı besine ulaşılabilirliğinin bir günlük besin tüketim kaydından elde edilen besin öğesi alım miktarları ile ilişkisinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırmaya Osmaniye ilinde bulunan Makbule Hanım Anaokulu, Bahçeşehir Koleji Anaokulu ve Mini Gündüz Bakımevi öğrencileri basit rastgele örneklem yöntemiyle seçilerek 167 kişi (84 kız, 83 erkek) olarak dahil edilmiştir. Araştırmada çocukların demografik özellikleri belirlemeye yönelik sorular, gelişimlerini saptayabilmeye yönelik antropometrik ölçümler, hanehalkı besin güvencesini ölçebilmeye yönelik sorular, annelerin çocuklarının besleme süreci ile ilişkili duygu, düşünce ve yaklaşımlarını değerlendirmeye yönelik sorular sorulmuş ve besin öğesi alımlarını saptayabilmek için bir günlük besin tüketim kaydı alınmıştır. Annelerin besleme süreci ile ilişkili duygu, düşünce ve yaklaşımlarını saptamak amacıyla Beslenme Süreci Anne Tutumları Ölçeği ve besin güvencesini değerlendirebilmek için Hanehalkı Besine Ulaşılabilirlik Ölçeği-Kısa Formu (HHFSSM-SF) kullanılmıştır. Devlet ve özel okullarda eğitim gören çocukların besin güvencesi durumları karşılaştırıldığında, anlamlı bir fark olduğu saptanmıştır (p<0,001). Devlet okulunda eğitim gören öğrencilerin %47,31'i asgari ücret (17,002,12 TL) altında bir aile gelirine sahipken, özel okulda eğitim görenlerde bu oranın %0 olduğu saptanmıştır. Bu sonuç, iki grup arasında gelir seviyesi açısından anlamlı bir farklılık olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır (p<0,001). Devlet okullarında ailelerin %21,56'sı gıdaya ayrılan miktarı yetersiz bulurken, özel okul ailelerinde bu oran %0 olduğu görülmüş ve bu fark istatistiksel olarak anlamlıdır (p<0,001). Beslenme süreci anne tutumları ölçeğinin alt boyutları arasında yer alan yetersiz/dengesiz beslenmeye ilişkin tutumlar devlet ve özel okullara göre kıyaslandığında, özel okulda daha yüksek puan alımı gözlenmiş ve bu farkın anlamlı olduğu saptanmıştır (p=0,037). Besin güvencesi düzeyi farklı gruplar arasında negatif besleme stratejileri puanları açısından anlamlı bir fark bulunmuştur (p=0,048). Çok düşük besin güvencesine sahip olan grubun sınırda besin güvencesine sahip olan gruba kıyasla daha yüksek negatif besleme stratejileri kullandığı gözlemlenmiştir (a>c). Devlet ve özel okul öğrencileri arasında enerji alım miktarları anlamlı farklılık göstermiştir (p<0,001). Özel okul öğrencilerinin enerji alımı devlet okulundaki öğrencilere göre daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Makro besin öğesi alımlarından ise, protein (p<0,001), yağ (p<0,001), kolesterol (p<0,001), doymuş yağ asidi (p<0,001), tekli doymamış yağ asidi (p<0,001), kısa zincirli yağ asidi (p=0,020), orta zincirli yağ asidi (p<0,001), uzun zincirli yağ asidi (p<0,001), omega 3 (p=0,017) ve omega 6 (p=0,240) alımları anlamlı derecede yüksek bulunmuştur. Mikro besin öğesi alımlarında ise, B12 vitamini (p<0,001), A vitamini (p<0,001), C vitamini (p=0,014), D vitamini (p=0,002), E vitamini (p<0,001), K vitamini (p=0,031), B1 vitamini (p=0,037), B2 vitamini (p<0,001), B6 vitamini (p<0,001), potasyum (p<0,001), kalsiyum (p<0,001), magnezyum (p<0,001), fosfor (p<0,001), demir (p<0,001), ve çinko (p<0,001), alımları devlet okulu öğrencilerine kıyasla anlamlı derecede yüksek bulunmuştur. Sonuç olarak, devlet ve kolej okulunda eğitim gören çocuklar arasında ekonomik açıdan oldukça önemli bir fark olduğu, sağlıklı besine ulaşımda zorluklar yaşadığı görülmektedir. Okul öncesi dönem beslenmesinin çocukların sağlıklı bir birey olmalarında kritik bir dönem olduğu, ekonomik koşullar, annelerin eğitim ve bilgi düzeyleri ve besin güvencesi gibi faktörlerin besin öğesi alımlarına, öğün düzenlerine ve çocukların büyüme gelişmelerine neredeyse tüm hayatlarına büyük bir etkisi olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.
This study was conducted to examine the differences in energy, micro and macro nutrients that children studying in state and college kindergartens receive from meals served in schools, to reveal the differences between household food security status and maternal attitudes towards the nutrition process, and to determine the relationship between household food accessibility and nutrient intake amounts obtained from one-day food consumption records. The students of Makbule Hanım Kindergarten, Bahçeşehir College Kindergarten and Mini Day Care located in Osmaniye province were included in the study as 167 people (84 girls, 83 boys) selected by simple random sampling method. In the study, questions were asked to determine the demographic characteristics of the children, anthropometric measurements were taken to determine their development, questions were taken to measure the food security of the household, questions were asked to evaluate the feelings, thoughts and approaches of the mothers regarding the feeding process of their children, and a daily food consumption record was taken to determine their nutrient intake. The Feeding Process Maternal Attitudes Scale was used to determine mothers' feelings, thoughts and approaches related to the feeding process, and the Household Food Accessibility Scale-Short Form (HHFSSM-SF) was used to assess food security. When the food security status of children studying in public and private schools was compared, a significant difference was found (p<0,001). While the family income of %47,31 of students studying in public schools was below the minimum wage (17,002,12 TL), this rate was found to be 0% for students studying in private schools. This result reveals a significant difference between the two groups in terms of income level (p<0,001). While %21,56 of families in public schools find the amount allocated for food insufficient, this rate is 0% in private school families and this difference is statistically significant (p<0,001). When the attitudes towards inadequate/unbalanced nutrition, which is among the sub-dimensions of the maternal attitudes scale regarding the nutrition process, were compared in public and private schools, higher scores were observed in private schools and this difference was found to be significant (p=0,037). A significant difference was found between the food security level and the negative feeding strategy scores between the different groups (p=0,048). The group with very low food security was observed to use more negative feeding strategies compared to the group with borderline food security (a>c). Energy intake amounts showed significant differences between state and private school students (p<0,001). Energy intake of private school students was found to be higher than that of public school students. Among macronutrient intakes, protein (p<0,001), fat (p<0,001), cholesterol (p<0,001), saturated fatty acid (p<0,001), monounsaturated fatty acid (p<0,001), short-chain fatty acid (p=0.020), medium-chain fatty acid (p<0,001), long-chain fatty acid (p<0,001), omega 3 (p=0,017) and omega 6 (p=0,240) intakes were found to be significantly higher. In terms of micronutrient intake, vitamin B12 (p<0.001), vitamin A (p<0.001), vitamin C (p=0,014), vitamin D (p=0,002), vitamin E (p<0,001), vitamin K (p=0,031), vitamin B1 (p=0,037), vitamin B2 (p<0,001), vitamin B6 (p<0,001), potassium (p<0,001), calcium (p<0.001), magnesium (p<0,001), phosphorus (p<0,001), iron (p<0,001), and zinc (p<0,001) intakes were found to be significantly higher in public school students compared to public school students. As a result, it is seen that there is a significant difference in economic terms between children studying in state and college schools and that they have difficulties in accessing healthy food. It has been concluded that preschool nutrition is a critical period for children to become healthy individuals, and factors such as economic conditions, mothers' education and knowledge levels, and food security have a major impact on nutritional intake, meal patterns, and children's growth and development throughout almost their entire lives.
This study was conducted to examine the differences in energy, micro and macro nutrients that children studying in state and college kindergartens receive from meals served in schools, to reveal the differences between household food security status and maternal attitudes towards the nutrition process, and to determine the relationship between household food accessibility and nutrient intake amounts obtained from one-day food consumption records. The students of Makbule Hanım Kindergarten, Bahçeşehir College Kindergarten and Mini Day Care located in Osmaniye province were included in the study as 167 people (84 girls, 83 boys) selected by simple random sampling method. In the study, questions were asked to determine the demographic characteristics of the children, anthropometric measurements were taken to determine their development, questions were taken to measure the food security of the household, questions were asked to evaluate the feelings, thoughts and approaches of the mothers regarding the feeding process of their children, and a daily food consumption record was taken to determine their nutrient intake. The Feeding Process Maternal Attitudes Scale was used to determine mothers' feelings, thoughts and approaches related to the feeding process, and the Household Food Accessibility Scale-Short Form (HHFSSM-SF) was used to assess food security. When the food security status of children studying in public and private schools was compared, a significant difference was found (p<0,001). While the family income of %47,31 of students studying in public schools was below the minimum wage (17,002,12 TL), this rate was found to be 0% for students studying in private schools. This result reveals a significant difference between the two groups in terms of income level (p<0,001). While %21,56 of families in public schools find the amount allocated for food insufficient, this rate is 0% in private school families and this difference is statistically significant (p<0,001). When the attitudes towards inadequate/unbalanced nutrition, which is among the sub-dimensions of the maternal attitudes scale regarding the nutrition process, were compared in public and private schools, higher scores were observed in private schools and this difference was found to be significant (p=0,037). A significant difference was found between the food security level and the negative feeding strategy scores between the different groups (p=0,048). The group with very low food security was observed to use more negative feeding strategies compared to the group with borderline food security (a>c). Energy intake amounts showed significant differences between state and private school students (p<0,001). Energy intake of private school students was found to be higher than that of public school students. Among macronutrient intakes, protein (p<0,001), fat (p<0,001), cholesterol (p<0,001), saturated fatty acid (p<0,001), monounsaturated fatty acid (p<0,001), short-chain fatty acid (p=0.020), medium-chain fatty acid (p<0,001), long-chain fatty acid (p<0,001), omega 3 (p=0,017) and omega 6 (p=0,240) intakes were found to be significantly higher. In terms of micronutrient intake, vitamin B12 (p<0.001), vitamin A (p<0.001), vitamin C (p=0,014), vitamin D (p=0,002), vitamin E (p<0,001), vitamin K (p=0,031), vitamin B1 (p=0,037), vitamin B2 (p<0,001), vitamin B6 (p<0,001), potassium (p<0,001), calcium (p<0.001), magnesium (p<0,001), phosphorus (p<0,001), iron (p<0,001), and zinc (p<0,001) intakes were found to be significantly higher in public school students compared to public school students. As a result, it is seen that there is a significant difference in economic terms between children studying in state and college schools and that they have difficulties in accessing healthy food. It has been concluded that preschool nutrition is a critical period for children to become healthy individuals, and factors such as economic conditions, mothers' education and knowledge levels, and food security have a major impact on nutritional intake, meal patterns, and children's growth and development throughout almost their entire lives.
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Beslenme ve Diyetetik, Çocuk Beslenmesi, Çocuk-Okul Öncesi, Nutrition and Dietetics, Child Nutrition
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