WoS İndeksli Yayınlar Koleksiyonu / WoS Indexed Publications Collection

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14517/18

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Now showing 1 - 20 of 2563

The Impact of Channel Edge Type on the Particle Diffusion and Permeability of Carbon Nanotubes as a Membrane in Reverse Electrodialysis Process Using Molecular Dynamics Simulation
(Elsevier Ltd, 2025) Li, X.; Ali, A.B.M.; Abbood, H.A.; Singh, N.S.S.; Al-Bahrani, M.; Abduvalieva, D.; Baghaei, S.
Thermal energy storage with phase change materials offers effective solutions for energy management by absorbing and releasing thermal energy during phase transitions. Integrating nanoparticles, like gold, enhances thermal conductivity, modifies phase change characteristics, and boosts energy storage capacity. These advancements are valuable in renewable energy, precise thermal management, and high-efficiency energy storage, fostering innovation and sustainability in thermal science. This study investigates the effects of adding gold nanoparticles to paraffin-based phase change material, analyzing thermal property changes through molecular dynamics simulations to assess improvements in heat storage and energy efficiency. The results show that the carbon nanotube structure with the armchair edge was used to achieve the maximum electric current in the sample. Due to the strong interactions among carbon atoms in the armchair-edged carbon nanotube structure, the interaction between the fluid and the AC decreased. Also, the interaction between the base fluid and the channel wall varied with the edge type of carbon nanotubes. Based on the results, maximum electric current was achieved with a carbon nanotube featuring an armchair edge. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd
Dual-Ligand Functionalized pH-And Thermo-Sensitive Niosomes for Precise Targeted Therapy and Imaging of HER-2 Breast Cancer
(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2025) Saharkhiz, Shaghayegh; Nasri, Negar; Naderi, Nazanin; Saharkhiz, Shiva; Zarepour, Atefeh; Ghalehshahi, Saeid Shirzadi; Zarrabi, Ali
In current study, we examined dual-targeted pH- and thermo-sensitive niosome platforms (pTSNs) for targeted delivery of Gemcitabine (GEM) and CdSe/ZnS QDs to HER-2-positive breast cancer cells for therapeutic and imaging purposes. The niosomal particles were prepared using thin-film hydration method and functionalized with Trastuzumab monoclonal antibody (Trz) and Folic acid (FA), as targeting agents. The fabricated formulation was characterized through different analyses, including DLS, Zeta potential, FTIR, SEM, and Fluorescence Microscopy. Besides, bioactivite features of the fabricated particles were evaluated using different analysis included determining loading and release profile, cell viability assessment, and relative cellular uptake. Characteristics results revealed a neutral, round-shaped, homogenous population of dual-targeted pTSNs with an average size of 200 nm that were correctly functionalized with conjugates. Moreover, it showed about 94.5 % entrapment efficiency (EE%), as well as up to 92 % drug release at pH 6.5 and 42 degrees C, while that amount was about 35 % at pH 7.4 and 37 degrees C. MTT and relative assessments demonstrated a 4.5-fold higher growth inhibition of SKBR-3 cells and 2600 times more cellular uptake by Trz and FA-conjugated pTSNs compared to non-targeted and nonsensitive particles. Overall, the developed platform proves to be a suitable carrier for the effective delivery of chemotherapeutic agents to cancer cells.
Diagnostic Accuracy of a Novel Non-Invasive Digital Technique for Assessing Gingival Phenotype: an Area Under the Curve Analysis
(BMC, 2025) Kaya, Suheyla; Alkan, Melisa
BackgroundGingival phenotype (GP) significantly influences periodontal health and treatment outcomes. Traditional methods for assessing GP, using gingival thickness (GT) alone, may lack sufficient accuracy for reliable GP classification. The present study aims to introduce and validate a novel non-invasive digital GP assessment measuring digital GT (dGT) and digital keratinized tissue width (dKTW). The primary objective is to assess the diagnostic performance of digital gingival phenotype (dGP) in distinguishing between thick and thin phenotypes.MethodsThis prospective, cross-sectional study was conducted at the Periodontology Department of Istanbul University-Cerrahpa & scedil;a, Turkey, from October to December 2024. Participants were included if they had all maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth present. Exclusion criteria included factors that could affect periodontal tissues, such as clinical attachment loss, systemic diseases (e.g., diabetes), gingival enlargement or recession, smoking, medications causing gingival hyperplasia, and melanin pigmentation. All subjects were screened for eligibility by S.K. prior to enrollment, with participants enrolled when S.K. was present at the periodontology department for preliminary examinations using a convenience sampling approach. KTW was assessed using clinical (cKTW), digital (dKTW), and rounded methods. cKTW and dKTW measured the distance between the gingival margin and mucogingival junction, while rounded KTW was calculated by rounding dKTW to the nearest whole number. GT was measured digitally in millimeters from the gingival margin level. GP was evaluated clinically (cGP) with a color-coded periodontal probe and digitally (dGP) by multiplying dKTW and dGT measurements. cKTW, dKTW, rounded KTW, dGT, and dGP are index tests, with cGP serving as the reference standard. The diagnostic accuracy of each method was evaluated using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis.ResultsOut of 348 participants, 31 met the inclusion criteria. Since each participant's 12 teeth were evaluated, a total of 372 teeth were included in the study. The area under the curve (AUC) values and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for each method were as follows: dGT: 0.628 (95% CI: 0.570-0.687), cKTW: 0.730 (95% CI: 0.677-0.782), dKTW: 0.714 (95% CI: 0.661-0.767), rounded KTW: 0.710 (95% CI: 0.657-0.763), and dGP: 0.734 (95% CI: 0.683-0.785). The dGP model exhibited the highest diagnostic accuracy, while the dGT model showed the lowest.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that the digital gingival phenotype assessment provides superior diagnostic accuracy compared to other methods, achieving the highest AUC value. This demonstrates its efficacy in classifying GP and offers a reliable and accurate alternative to traditional clinical techniques for GP classification.RegistrationNo trial registration was performed, as no invasive procedures were conducted in this study.
Meta-Heuristic Tuned With Gudermannian Neural Network for the Singular Neumann, Dirichlet and Neumann-Robin Boundary Conditions
(Springernature, 2025) Sabir, Zulqurnain; Raja, Muhammad Asif Zahoor; Umar, Muhammad; Salahshour, Soheil; Awan, Saeed Ehsan; Asghar, Malik Summair
The purpose of the current study is to design a feed forward Gudermannian neural networks for a singular Lane-Emden model based Neumann, Neumann-Robin and Dirichlet boundary conditions arising in numerous physical systems. The procedure based on the GNNs is exploited through the optimization of global and local search methods, i.e., genetic algorithm and active-set technique. A fitness function is constructed using the model and its boundary conditions, while the efficiency of the scheme is observed through the optimization with the hybridization of global and local search schemes. Four different nonlinear variants of the singular Lane-Emden model based Neumann, Neumann-Robin and Dirichlet boundary conditions have been numerically presented to validate the efficiency and accuracy of the model. The comparison of the obtained and exact results is used to verify the validity of the designed procedure. Moreover, different statistical measures have been implemented to certify the reliability of the proposed technique.
Exploring the Potential of Solar Photovoltaic and Wind-Based Green Hydrogen Projects in Ecowas Region: Production, Cost, and Environmental Maps
(Sage Publications inc, 2025) Odoi-Yorke, Flavio; Agyekum, Ephraim Bonah; Adegboye, Oluwatayomi Rereloluwa; Sekyere, Charles K. K.
The transition to clean energy demands innovative low-carbon hydrogen production solutions, particularly in developing nations. This study explores the prospect of green hydrogen production in the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) using solar photovoltaic (PV) and wind power technologies. The region, endowed with massive renewable energy resources, continues to face challenges in developing economically viable and low-carbon hydrogen production strategies. The study fills this gap by developing a comprehensive methodology combining renewable energy production, electrolysis, and economic analysis. The study examines the viability of hydrogen production in 15 West African countries according to primary indicators such as electricity production, density of hydrogen production, levelized cost of hydrogen, and reduction of carbon dioxide emission. This novel method offers a detailed geospatial and techno-economic analysis of green hydrogen production, revealing stark variations in production costs and green hydrogen potential for West African countries. The study revealed Niger, Mali, and Cape Verde to have great potential for green hydrogen development due to high renewable energy resources and low production costs. This study provides policymakers and investors with a critical roadmap based on the potential of green hydrogen as a low-carbon energy solution in West Africa. In addition, it presents a strategy for creating competitive, low-carbon hydrogen economies that can drive the energy transition and economic diversification based on the region's strengths and weaknesses.
Multilayer Neural Networks Enhanced With Hybrid Methods for Solving Fractional Partial Differential Equations
(Wiley, 2025) Ali, Amina Hassan; Senu, Norazak; Ahmadian, Ali
This paper introduces a novel multilayer neural network technique to solve partial differential equations with non-integer derivatives (FPDEs). The proposed model is a deep feed-forward multiple layer neural network (DFMLNN) that is trained using advanced optimization approaches, namely adaptive moment estimation (Adam) and limited-memory Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno (L-BFGS), which integrate neural networks. First, the Adam method is employed for training, and then the model is further improved using L-BFGS. The Laplace transform is used, concentrating on the Caputo fractional derivative, to approximate the FPDE. The efficacy of this strategy is confirmed through rigorous testing, which involves making predictions and comparing the outcomes with exact solutions. The results illustrate that this combined approach greatly improves both precision and effectiveness. This proposed multilayer neural network offers a robust and reliable framework for solving FPDEs.
A New Analysis of the AB-Fractal Operators Using the Generalized Gamma Function in Geometric Patterns
(World Scientific Publ Co Pte Ltd, 2025) Ibrahim, Rabha W.; Baleanu, Dumitru; Karaca, Yeliz; Salahshour, Soheil
Fractional calculus can be employed to precisely alter or control the fractal dimension of deterministic or random fractals with coordinates that can be denoted as functions of independent variables. Fractal geometry, enabling more accurate definition and measurement of the complicated nature of a shape, resorts to quantification, while gamma function refers to the generalization of the factorial function. This study has made a generalization of the Atangana-Baleanu (AB) fractal-fractional operators (derivative and integral), which is called p-AB-fractal fractional calculus through the utilization of the enhanced gamma function, which is called the p-gamma function. Additionally, we extend the proposed operators into a complex variable to discuss their properties geometrically in the open unit disk. Therefore, a normalization structure is provided with a set of examples. This leads to investigate the operators geometrically. In this direction, we introduce the sufficient conditions on these operators to get the starlikeness and convexity properties in the unit disk. As an application of these operators, we establish the existence and uniqueness solution of abstract fractal-fractional differential equation. Consequently, we illustrate a set of examples showing the validity of the new parameter p. The results provided in the study illustrate and demonstrate that the generalized and the extended operators can be considered in extensive applications and/or other geometric studies.
Progress of Hydrogen Production From Food Waste-A Systematic, Content, and Bibliometric Review
(Elsevier, 2025) Agyekum, Ephraim Bonah; Al-Maaitah, Murad Irshied; Kumar, Pankaj; Odoi-Yorke, Flavio; Rashid, Farhan Lafta
Food waste (FW) presents difficulties for waste management which is a significant worldwide issue. However, there is a growing energy crisis globally, and there is not enough fossil fuel available to support the growing demand. This can however be overcome using environmentally acceptable and sustainable energy such as biohydrogen. This study thus employed a systematic, content-based, and bibliometric review approach to analyze the literature on hydrogen production from FW resources within the last two decades. The study used the bibliometric analysis tools (i.e., Biblioshiny in R and the VOSviewer) to analyze and visualize a total of 2022 pertinent documents on the subject matter obtained from the Scopus database. According to the analyzed data, biohydrogen, a biofuel produced through biological processes, has the potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, but its widespread adoption requires addressing production rate, yield, and process scaling. China turned out to be the nation with the most papers on the subject, totaling 2610. The USA (829), India (501), Italy (471), South Korea (419), Brazil (374), Japan (285), Germany (257), Spain (256), Canada (187), and the UK (187) were the other top-performing nations. The study ended with future research directions that researchers can work on in the future. The findings of this study could guide future research on the conversion of food waste to hydrogen energy based on the research gaps identified in the study.
Mxenes for Exosome Detection: a New Frontier in Biomolecular Analysis
(Royal Soc Chemistry, 2025) Iravani, Siavash; Zarepour, Atefeh; Khosravi, Arezoo; Zarrabi, Ali; Zare, Ehsan Nazarzadeh; Varma, Rajender S.; Makvandi, Pooyan
Exosomes, the small extracellular vesicles secreted by cells, hold immense potential as biomarkers for disease diagnosis, monitoring, and therapeutic development. MXenes and their composites have emerged as promising materials for exosome detection, showcasing remarkable attributes such as remarkable electrical conductivity, mechanical flexibility, large surface area, and tunable surface chemistry. These characteristics position MXenes as optimal candidates for biosensing applications, enabling the effective capture and analysis of exosomes, which are vital in cell communication and disease progression. However, significant challenges persist in the practical use of MXenes for exosome detection, notably pertaining to the reproducibility and stability of these materials in diverse biological environments. Furthermore, optimizing MXene functionalization for selectivity towards specific exosomes remains an ongoing task. Recent innovations, including hybrid MXene-based sensors integrated with nanomaterials and machine learning algorithms for data analysis, promise significant improvements in detection accuracy and real-time monitoring capabilities, paving the way for accessible point-of-care diagnostic devices. This review delves into the transformative applications of MXenes and their composites in exosome detection, emphasizing their unique properties that enhance biosensing capabilities. By showcasing recent advancements, current challenges, and future perspectives, it underscores how MXene-based (bio)sensors are poised to develop more accurate and early disease detection systems using exosomes.
Soliton-M Wave Formation and Other Interacting Propagation for the Nonlinear Geng Equation
(Springer Heidelberg, 2025) Ali, Karmina K.; Yusuf, Abdullahi; Salahshour, Soheil
In this work, we obtain various kind of lump interaction solutions for the (3 + 1)-dimensional nonlinear Geng equation, which was derived in relation to Hamiltonian flows on nonlinear subvarieties of hyperelliptic Jacobian. The well-known technique namely Hirota bilinear is used to accomplish the task. A lump solution is a real analytical rational function solution that decays in all directions of the space variables. The governing equation describes wave dynamical behaviors in more complex applications related to shallow water wave or other similar fluids. Numerical simulations using the three-dimensional and contour profiles are carried out with careful consideration for the values of the involved parameters in order to shed more light on the properties of the acquired solutions.
Enhancing Cop of Electric Vehicle Cooling Systems Using Adsorption Heat Pumps
(Elsevier, 2025) Habash, Rami; Ilis, Gamze Gediz; Unal, Saban; Saha, Bidyut Baran
This study includes an adsorption refrigeration system as a secondary cycle to an electric bus's current cooling system. The objective is to increase the COP of the cooling system of the Electric Bus. By increasing the COP, the bus can have a longer range, and the state of health of the batteries can be improved. An adsorption chiller (AdC) is considered, and the waste of the synchronous motor of the electric bus is used as an input energy of the AdC. The novel pair is proposed as silica gel RD/ethanol. This pair gives the flexibility to use the low-temperature heat source of the motor to generate an extra cooling effect. The silica gel/ethanol AdC cooling capacity is optimized by using the cooling generated by the AdC, which does not use any electricity from the bus. The Matlab/Simulink codes of the motor and the adsorption chiller are combined. For different Vdc and rpm conditions, the calculated coolant temperature of the motor is found and used as an input temperature value of the desorption process. Due to the extra cooling capacity caused by subcooling, the COP values of the existing cooling system of the electric bus are achieved to increase to around 9 %.
The Effect of External Heat Flux and Atomic Defects on the Nano-Pumping Process of C20 Molecule Inside Carbon Nanotube Using Molecular Dynamics Method
(Elsevier, 2025) Boroomand, Sahar; Tao, KeKe; Qader, Kawa Hussein; Singh, Narinderjit Singh Sawaran; Hussein, Muntadher Abed; Al-Bahrani, Mohammed; Sabetvand, Rozbeh
Innovative designs and models are essential for contemporary drug delivery systems to minimize adverse effects, maximize therapeutic efficacy, and enhance patient satisfaction. The use of cost-effective and biodegradable carbon structures has garnered significant interest in developing pharmaceutical carriers. This study utilized the molecular dynamics method to examine the nano-pumping efficacy of C20 molecules within a carbon nanotube (CNT) at various heat fluxes and atomic defects. Increasing the external heat flux enhanced the nano-pumping process, which was completed in the ideal nanotube after 7.15 ps. The atomic behavior of the fullerene sample improved with the application of thermal sources within the MD box, generating effective force. To investigate the impact of atomic defects on the nano-pumping process, ideal nanotubes were modified with defects in proportions of 1 %, 2 %, and 3 %. The computational outputs predicted that the nano-pumping process in the modeled system was optimized at a 1 % atomic defect ratio. When a 3 % atomic defect was introduced into the CNT sample, the nano-pumping process was completed in 9.64 picoseconds. The findings of this research using CNT-based systems are anticipated to pave the way for extraordinary developments in medicine and drug delivery.
Production of Ti/HA Functionally Graded Material Implants Using Powder Metallurgy Technique for Reduction of the Effect of Chemical Pollution
(Elsevier, 2025) Daneshmand, Saeed; Vini, Mohammad Heydari; Basem, Ali; Singh, Narinderjit Singh Sawaran; Hussein, Muntadher Abed; Salahshour, Soheil; Mokhtari, Ali
Nowadays, there is a growing need to use functionally gradient materials for use in biomedical applications. This requirement is particularly significant to the effect of implant application and gradient structure. The powder metallurgy technique was used in this study to fabricate titanium/hydroxyapatite and other FGM implants with the concentration changed gradually in the longitudinal direction of the cylindrical shape, to optimize both mechanical and biocompatibility properties or alter bio reactivity in each region. High-frequency induction heating, three-spark plasma sintering, and electric furnace heating techniques were implemented to sinter the materials. During the fabrication of titanium/hydroxyapatite functionally gradient materials and due to the stress relaxation in the implanted region of bone, Brinell hardness decreased gradually from the Ti part to the HA part. The results show that the tissue reaction occurred in a gradient in response to the gradient structure of FGM, which implies the possibility of controlling the tissue response via the gradient function of FGM.
Exploring the Role of Filaments in Channel Flow Modification Using the Immersed Boundary Lattice Boltzmann Method
(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2025) Afrouzi, Hamid Hassanzadeh; Shiri, Saeid; Hasani, Mohammadamir; Seyyedi, Seyyed Mostafa; Salahshour, Soheil; Mehrizi, Abbasali Abouei; Pashaie, Pouya
Manipulating flow at the miniature is a challenging task. This study explores the potential application of elastic filaments to manipulate the flow field in a channel using the immersed boundary-lattice Boltzmann (IB-LBM) method. The channel width and the initial elastic filament length were 4 cm and 1.3 cm, respectively. The presence of the filaments on the channel's center and walls is investigated separately. For the case with two inclined elastic filaments in the middle of the channel, the results showed that the elastic filament deviates from its original state under the influence of the fluid momentum and tends to move in the direction of the flow. The filaments stretch and reach their final position, then start to oscillate under the influence of elasticity and vortexes formed behind them. For the case with 10 filaments distributed over the top and bottom walls with a constant distance between them, the results show that initially the filaments near the entrance cause a disturbance in the flow and induce large vortexes at the end of the channel. However, over time, as the flow reaches a steady state, small vortexes form behind the filaments and, the filaments start to oscillate and the main flow inside the channel remains pretty uniform without obvious vortexes.
Microneedle-Assisted Nanomedicine: Emerging Strategies for Transdermal Drug Delivery
(Elsevier, 2025) Zarepour, Atefeh; Soozanipour, Asieh; Khosravi, Arezoo
Transdermal drug delivery provides a non-invasive and patient-friendly alternative to conventional administration routes, such as injections and oral medications. Among the latest innovations, microneedles have emerged as a promising technology, offering painless and minimally invasive drug delivery through the skin. MNs allow for precise and controlled drug release, improving therapeutic outcomes while minimizing side effects. Recent advances have focused on integrating nanomaterials-such as nanoparticles, liposomes, and polymeric carriers-into MN systems to enhance drug penetration, targeting, and release kinetics. This combination can overcome the skin's natural barrier, enabling accurate dosing and improved patient compliance. This review explores the principles and advantages of nanomaterial-based microneedles for transdermal delivery, highlighting their role in improving treatment efficiency and patient outcomes. Additionally, we discuss critical challenges in microneedle development, including fabrication scalability, skin compatibility, and long-term stability. Finally, future directions for clinical translation are examined, underscoring their strong potential in modern therapeutic strategies.
Cosmetological Potential of the Essential Oil From the Aerial Parts of Rubus Sanctus Schreb. : Enzymatic Inhibition, Antibacterial Properties, and Chemical Composition
(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2025) Yildirim, Aybeniz; Celep, Inci Kurt; Gul, Abdulkadir
Recently, skin care products and cosmetic preparations with herbal ingredients have attracted considerable interest from the public. Therefore, the cosmetic industry is investigating natural products like essential oils and extracts. This study aimed to determine the anti-aging effects of the essential oil obtained from the aerial parts of Rubus sanctus Schreb. (RsEO), as well as to reveal its chemical composition and investigate its antibacterial activity. The chemical composition of RsEO was determined by using GC-MS. The anti-aging activity of RsEO was evaluated by in vitro studies of anti-collagenase, anti-elastase, anti-tyrosinase, and anti-hyaluronidase activities. The antibacterial potential of RsEO was investigated by the agar-well diffusion method against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, and Escherichia coli. RsEO showed significant inhibition against collagenase, elastase, hyaluronidase, and tyrosinase with IC50 values of 80.46, 77.85, 72.71, and 82.71 mu g/mL, respectively, and when compared with the positive controls epigallocatechin gallate (IC50: 38.91 mu g/mL for collagenase, IC50: 38.91 mu g/mL for elastase), tannic acid (IC50: 26.95 mu g/mL for hyaluronidase), and kojic acid (IC50: 28.74 mu g/mL for tyrosinase), the activities were found to be close. It was determined that the major components of RsEO were pentadecanal (8.88%), dodecanoic acid (7.86%), nonanal (4.32%), and octadecanal (4.08%). RsEO showed moderate antibacterial activity (inhibition zones between 10 and 15 mm) against the tested bacteria compared to ampicillin. This study demonstrated that RsEO is a natural product that has the potential to serve as a promising anti-aging and antibacterial therapeutic agent due to the synergistic effect of its constituent components.
Fathers' Interactions With Their 3-6 Year-Old Children: an Examination From the Perspective of Emotional Abuse
(Springer, 2025) Kahraman, Pinar Bagceli; Turen, Seyma; Sagiroglu, Husna Humeyra
Emotional abuse is the behavior that occurs when caregivers consistently fail to do what they should do; prevents the fulfillment of children's basic psychological needs, significantly affects children's behavioral, cognitive, emotional and psychosocial development; and causes them to feel worthless or unloved. Paternalism and emotional abuse are complex and interconnected issues that have attracted significant attention in the literature. The present study examines the emotional abuse perpetrated by fathers with children aged 3-6 years to their children. The study was conducted in the instrumental case study model, one of the qualitative research designs. The study includes 18 fathers with different levels of education determined by snowball sampling, one of the non-probability sampling methods. The data collected with semi-structured interview questions obtained through expert opinions and pilot study were analyzed by content analysis method. The findings are revealed in three main sections: Father-Child Relationships and Interactions, Fathers' Approach to Undesirable Behaviors and Fathers' Disciplinary Method. The results showed that fathers, in addition to positive discipline practices such as explanation and modeling, mostly exhibit negative behaviors such as reward-punishment use, authoritarian attitude, intimidation, stern warnings, and violence, which can lead to emotional abuse when applied continuously. It is thought that training programs and awareness studies should be designed to develop fathers' parenting skills and prevent emotional abuse. In addition, considering the scarcity of studies specifically targeting fathers, research on emotional abuse by fathers should also be conducted.
Enhancing the Thermal Performance of Different Types of Heat Exchangers With Fins: a Comprehensive Review
(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2025) Rashid, Farhan Lafta; Alkhekany, Zainab Abdul Karim; Kurji, Hayder J.; Ahmad, Shabbir; Chibani, Atef; Kezzar, Mohamed; Agyekum, Ephraim Bonah
Heat exchangers are critical for thermal energy management efficiency in aerospace, automotive, food processing, and energy sector operations. This thorough study analyzes the thermal performance upgrades for different heat exchanger systems, particularly fins. Finned heat exchangers-including shell-and-tube, double-pipe, and compact types-enhance heat transfer through advanced geometries and manufacturing. Shell-and-tube heat exchangers (STHXs) perform well in cross-flow and phase-change but face maintenance and cost challenges. Double-pipe heat exchangers (DPHEs) improve performance but often have higher pressure drops and limited real-world testing. Compact heat exchangers (CHE) are space-efficient and benefit from additive manufacturing but face fabrication complexity and scalability issues and need further optimization and material innovation. The review analyzes new methods that optimize heat transfer performance using modern fin shapes, including rectangle-shaped fins, triangles, trapezoids, pin fins, and wavy fins. According to test results, these alternative fin designs lead to enhanced heat transfer rates and maintainable pressure drop levels. Scientific research has validated wavy fins as heat transfer performers because they enhance the Nusselt number to 28 % above circular tubes. Using ten longitudinal and wavy fins demonstrated maximum performance capabilities by reaching an overall response value of 1.33 in DPHEs. Future academic research moves toward designing compound heat exchangers from different materials while investigating novel performance-enhancing alternatives for thermal management systems in multiple applications. The review is a key reference to bridge gaps between heat exchanger design and optimization methods.
Effects of Automobile Ownership on E-Scooter Choices: the Istanbul Case
(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2025) Gunay, Gurkan; Dundar, Selim; Dilekci, Saadet
E-scooters have gained momentum as a micromobility mode for several years, which created the need for research to understand the attitudes toward it. However, to the authors' knowledge, there is a research gap regarding the effects of private automobile ownership on the e-scooter choices of individuals under different traffic conditions, a factor that significantly affects the preferences. Therefore, this work aimed to investigate the effects of automobile ownership on travel mode choices where e-scooter was an option. A stated preference survey was prepared, and responses were collected from individuals in Istanbul about the mode choices, namely private transport, public transport and e-scooter. The method used to model the travel choices was Mixed Logit (ML). Two approaches were made to observe the effects of automobile ownership: Dummy variable and market segmentation. Both approaches proved that automobile ownership affected the e-scooter choices over other modes, and different models can be developed for individuals who owned automobiles and others. Results showed that there were taste variations regarding travel time among the individuals, and travel time affected the choices of automobile owners more than the others. However, no taste variations were observed regarding travel cost. Furthermore, under congested traffic conditions, the breakeven e-scooter fare was lower for automobile owners for the switch between private transport and e-scooter. In addition, cost elasticities indicated that automobile owners were more sensitive to e-scooter cost changes. Policies regarding e-scooter use can be prepared based on the findings of this research for automobile owners. Future research directions were given.
A Radial Basis Scale Conjugate Gradient Neural Network Process for the Zika Model With Human Movement and Reservoirs
(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2025) Sabir, Zulqurnain; Souayeh, Basma; Umar, Muhammad; Salahshour, Soheil; Alfannakh, Huda; Raju, S. Suresh Kumar
The purpose of current research is to find the numerical solutions of the nonlinear Zika model with human movement and reservoirs (ZMHMR) by designing a novel radial basis scale conjugate gradient neural network (RB-SCGNN). This nonlinear model contains ten different groups, and the numerical solutions are presented by the stochastic RB-SCGNN process. A design of dataset is presented through the Runge-Kutta scheme to lessen the values of the mean square error by splitting the data into training as 72 %, while 14 %, 14 % for both verification and testing. Fifteen neurons in the hidden layers, single input, and radial basis activation function are used to solve the ZMHMR. The accuracy of the proposed scheme is judged through the overlapping of the outputs, whereas smaller values of the absolute error indicate the exactness of the RB-SCGNN. Additionally, the statistical representations using different operators validate the approach's trustworthiness.

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