Improving the Thermal Properties of Water by Adding Mwcnts, Cerium Oxide, and Mgo Hybrid Nanoparticles at Different Temperatures and Volume Fraction of Nanoparticles: Experimental Investigation

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the thermal conductivity (TC) of various nanofluid compositions, including water/MWCNT-MgO-cerium oxide ternary hybrid nanofluids (THNFs) with solid volume fractions (SVFs) ranging from 0.1 % to 0.6 %. Additionally, the thermal conductivity of water/MWCNT-cerium oxide, water/ MWCNT-MgO, and water/MgO-cerium oxide hybrid nanofluids (HNFs), as well as water/MWCNT, water/ cerium oxide, and water/MgO mono nanofluids (MNFs), was measured at SVF=0.1 % and 0.3 %. The experimental temperature was varied between 20, 30, 40, and 50 degrees C for all samples. The MWCNT, MgO, and cerium oxide nanoparticles (NPs) were suspended in the water base fluid (BF) to create the nanofluids (NFs) in a twostep process. MWCNT NPs are 20-30 nm in size, MgO NPs are 20 nm, and cerium oxide NPs are 10-30 nm in size. DLS and zeta potential experiments, which demonstrate the correct stability of NFs, were used to evaluate the stability of NFs. The KD2-Pro instrument was used to test the samples' TC after making sure they were stable. The data obtained demonstrate a rise in TC with rising SVF and rising temperature. The MWCNT/water MNF exhibits the largest rise in TC in SVF=0.3 %, with a TC increase of 19.16% at T = 40 degrees C. It should be noted that the largest increase in TC is 26.09 % compared to the BF for water/MWCNT-MgO-cerium oxide THNF at SVF=0.5 % and T = 40 degrees C. Finally, a mathematical connection was shown with the comparisons done to estimate the data. The results demonstrate the postulated relationship's high degree of accuracy.