A Simple and Sensitive Square Wave Stripping Pathway for the Analysis of Desmedipham Herbicide by Modified Carbon Paste Electrode Based on Hematite (α-Fe₂O₃ Nanoparticles)

Abstract

In the present study, desmedipham, used as an herbicide to control broad leaf weed in commonly sugar beet crops, was analyzed at the first time by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and square wave stripping voltammetry (SWSV) with the modified carbon paste electrode based on hematite nanoparticles (alpha-Fe2O3-CPE). The modified alpha-Fe2O3-CPE prepared by hematite (alpha-Fe2O3 nanoparticles), which is very sensitive to carbon paste electrode (CPE) and glassy carbon electrode (GCE). Morphology of electrode surface detailed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). The oxidation of desmedipham created irreversible well-done two peaks at nearly +1.1 and +1.3 V. In order to obtain the best calibration graph, various important parameters such as pH, accumulation time, puls amplitude and frequency etc. were investigated. Under the optimum conditions, electrochemical behavior of desmedipham presented two linear working ranges at 0.15-1.20 mg/L and 1.20-4.50 mg/L. The limits of detection (LOD) for the desmedipham were calculated as 41.00 and 50.00 mu g/L for the peak I and II, respectively. Furthermore, desmedipham was analyzed at high recovery in the presence of rizolex, fluometuron, teflubenzuron and some heavy metal ions. Consequently, the developed SWSV was successfully applied to evaluate desmedipham in spiked commercial strawberry juices at recoveries of 96.00-104.00 % with satisfactory relative standard deviations.