The Validity and Reliability of The Brief-Hypomanic Attitudes and Positive Predictions Inventory-Turkish Version (Brief-HAPPI-TR)

Abstract

Objective: There has been a great deal of interest in specific dysfunctional beliefs that may be associated with susceptibility to mania. The Hypomanic Attitudes and Positive Predictions Inventory (HAPPI) was developed by Mansell (2006) to identify such beliefs. The present study aimed to measure the psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the brief version of the HAPPI (Brief-HAPPI-TR). Method: The study sample consisted of 115 outpatients with bipolar disorder (BD) and 103 healthy controls. Participants were administered the Brief-HAPPI-TR, Mood Disorder Questionnaire (MDQ), and Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale (DAS). Results: The reverse-scored HAPPI items lowered the alpha coefficient and were therefore excluded from the total score. The remaining items had high internal consistency for the entire sample (r = 0.84), for the BD group (r = 0.83), and for the control group (r = 0.86). The test-retest reliability coefficient was moderately high (r = 0.41). Brief-HAPPI-TR scores were significantly correlated with MDQ and DAS scores Finally, Brief-HAPPI-TR was able to differentiate between the BD patients and controls. Conclusion: Brief-HAPPI-TR was observed to be valid and reliable for assessing hypomanic attitudes in Turkish BD patients in remission. In addition, we think that within the cognitive-behavioral paradigm this scale can be used to identify and treat dysfunctional cognitions in Turkish BD patients.